Expectation of Social Approval for Aggressive Behaviors in Aggressive and Nonaggressive Preschoolers

This study examined aggressive and nonaggressive preschoolers’ predictions of social approval resulting from their aggressive behaviors. The interaction between levels of aggression and children’s gender on the expectation of social approval was also examined. Data were gathered via interviews of 20 aggressive and 22 nonaggressive children who were 4 years of age. The children’s levels of aggression was identified by peers’ nomination and teachers’ report. The children's prediction of social approval for aggressive behaviors was measured using two subscales (peers' and teachers’ approval) of the Outcome Expectation Questionnaire. The results showed that aggressive children predicted that their aggressive behaviors would be socially approved by their peers. In particular, aggressive boys showed more biased expectations for teachers’ approval than aggressive girls and nonaggressive peers. This study also discussed the socialization process of aggressive children by peers and adults.