DENTAL HEALTH STATUS OF BETA THALASSEMIA PATIENTS

Background: Beta thalassemia is a genetic hematological disorder characterized by chronic anemia, frequent blood transfusions, and iron overload. The systemic complications of this condition significantly impact oral health, leading to craniofacial abnormalities, malocclusion, and an increased risk of dental diseases.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the dental health status of 50 beta thalassemia patients and 50 healthy controls, focusing on overjet, overbite, spacing, periodontitis, mucosal pallor, and DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) scores.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 participants, comprising 50 beta thalassemia patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical examinations assessed dental parameters, including overjet, overbite, spacing, periodontal health (CPI score), mucosal pallor, and DMFT scores. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square test and independent t-tests) with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.

Results:Overjet, Overbite and spacing in beta thalassemia patients exhibited significantly higher as to controls.Periodontitis: Higher CPI scores in beta thalassemia patients were seen compared to controls indicate increased periodontal disease prevalence. Mucosal Pallor: Mucosal pallor scores were significantly higherinpatientsreflecting anemia-related changes.DMFT Scores: Beta thalassemia patients demonstrated higher DMFT scores.

Conclusion: Beta thalassemia significantly affects dental health, manifesting as increased malocclusion, periodontal disease, mucosal pallor, and caries prevalence. These findings underscore the need for integrated dental care tailored to this patient population, including early orthodontic interventions, regular periodontal treatments, and preventive strategies to mitigate oral health challenges.