PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND FETO-MATERNAL OUTCOME OF PLACENTA ACCRETA SPECTRUM AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Introduction: Placenta Accreta Spectrum disorders, characterized by abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall, represent a significant obstetric challenge due to their association with severe maternal hemorrhage and increased maternal morbidity and mortality.

Material and Methods: This ambispective observational study was conducted over 4.5 years at the Upper India Sugar Exchange Maternity Hospital, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. The study included 70 patients diagnosed with Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders, with data collected retrospectively for January 2020 - December 2021 and prospectively for January 2022 - July 2024. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes associated with placenta accreta spectrum.

Results: The prevalence of PAS increased from 2.8% in the retrospective period to 6.9% in the prospective period, resulting in an overall prevalence of 4.9%. The most significant risk factor identified was a history of two or more cesarean sections, present in 36.84% of cases. Ultrasound was instrumental in antenatal diagnosis.The study also highlighted the common occurrence of preterm delivery, moderate anemia, and significant blood loss, averaging 1854.3 mL.

Conclusion: The study underscores the rising prevalence of placenta accreta spectrum, driven by the increasing rate of cesarean sections. Early and accurate diagnosis, particularly through ultrasound, combined with a multidisciplinary approach to management, is crucial for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.