03Dec 2018

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLEACHING WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE VERSUS CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE ON ENAMEL SURFACE AND THE EFFECT OF AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE APPLICATION FOLLOWING BLEACHING (SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ATTACHED WITH ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYZER STUDY).

  • Professor of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
  • Lecturer of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
  • Assistant Lecturer of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Future University, Egypt.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo

  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

Bleaching agents have effect on chemical and morphological structure of enamel that must be taken into account when this therapy is used. Aim: reveal and compare the effect of two bleaching agents containing a high a concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) on enamel surface and evaluate the re-mineralizing effect of amorphous calcium phosphate gel (ACP) on enamel surface. Material and method: 32 extracted human upper first premolars were divided into 4 Control groups (CG) (before bleaching procedure), was named as: CG I, CG II, CG III and CG IV. 4 Experimental groups (EG) in which the teeth of the control groups utilized as experimental after bleaching procedure. Teeth were subjected to 40% HP in EGI, 35% CP bleaching in EGII, 40% HP & ACP in EGIII and 35 % CP & ACP in EGIV. All groups were prepared to SEM analysis and EDAX. Results: Both HP and CP significantly altered enamel superficial surface structure causing irregular surface, erosive lesions and craters. Globular precipitates covering the entire enamel surface and occlusion of enamel rod ends were detected following ACP application.The chemical profile results revealed decrease in Ca and P contents of enamel surface following bleaching, while they increased after application of ACP and the opposite was to the carbon content. Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide have an erosive effect on enamel surface while ACP has a re-mineralizing effect.

  1. Attin T, Weiss K, Becker K, Buchalla W and Wiegand A: Impact of modified acidic soft drinks on enamel erosion. Oral Dis; 11(1):7-12, 2005.
  2. Sturdevant CM, Roberson TM, Heymann HO and Sturdevant JR: The art and science of operative dentistry. 5th. Philadelphia: Mosby; pp. 640-6, 2006.
  3. Watts A and Addy M: Tooth discoloration and staining: a review of the literature. Br Dent J 190:309-315, 2001.
  4. Sulieman AMM. An overview of tooth-bleaching techniques: chemistry, safety and efficacy. Periodontol 2000;48: 148- 169, 2008.
  5. Dietschi D, Benbachir N and Krejci I: In vitro colorimetric evaluation of the efficacy of home bleaching and over-the-counter bleaching products. Quintessence Int; 41:505-16, 2010.
  6. Kim YS, Kwon HK and Kim BI: Effect of nano-carbonate apatite to prevent re-stain after dental bleaching in vitro. J Dent 39:636?42, 2011.
  7. Maryline M and Rene S: Vital tooth bleaching-biologic adverse effects- a review. QuintenPubl 39:645-59, 2008.
  8. Olta U and Gurgan S: Effects of three concentrations of carbamide peroxide on the structure of enamel. J Oral Rehabil 27:332-340, 2000.
  9. Moraes RR, Marimon JL, Schneider LF, CorrerSobrinho L, Camacho GB and Bueno M: Carbamide peroxide bleaching agents effect on surface roughness of enamel, composite and porcelain. Clin Oral Investg 10:23-28, 2006.
  10. Budavari S, Oneil MJ, Smith A and Heckelman PE: The Merck index. An encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biological. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co.,Inc., 1989.
  11. Sun G: The role of lasers in cosmetic dentistry. Dent. Clin. North Am.44:831-850, 2000.
  12. Archambault G: Caution, informed consent remain important as home bleaching grows. Dentist; 68: 16-22, 1990.
  13. Boskey AL: Amorphous calcium phosphate: the contention of bone. J Dent Res.; 76:1433?1436,1997.
  14. Eanes ED, Gillessen IH and Posner AS: Intermediate states in the precipitation of hydroxyapatite Nature; 208:365?367, 1965.
  15. Arnold WH and Gaengler P: Light and electron microscope study of infilteration of resin into initial caries lesions-a new methodological approach. Journal of Microscopy; 245:26-33, 2012.
  16. Sathe N, ChakradharRaju RVS and Chandrasekhar V: Effect of Three Different Remineralizing Agents on Enamel Caries Formation ? An in vitro Study. Kathmandu university medical journal, 12(1):16-20, 2014.
  17. Horning D, Gomes GM, Bittencourt BF, Ruiz LM, Reis A and Gomes OMM: Evaluation of human enamel permeability exposed to bleaching agents. Braz J Oral Sci, 12(2):114-118, 2013.
  18. Rabertson A. and Nietzche S: Histology and x-ray microanalysis of reparative dentin in primary teeth. J of microscopy and analysis; 190:13-18, 2009.
  19. Meurman JH and Ten Cate JM. Pathogenesis and modifying factors of dental erosion. Eur J Oral Sci; 104:199-206, 1996.
  20. Takahashi M, Goto S, Mori k and Mataga I: Difference of histology and elemental composition of the cervical enamel among human permanent teeth. Frontier of Material Science in China, 2(4):437-440, 2008.
  21. Attin T, Bu Chall A W, Gollner M and Hellwig E: Use of variable remineralization periods to improve the abrasion resistance of previously eroded enamel. Caries Res; 34:48-52, 2000.
  22. Meyer -Lueckel H, Umland N, Hopeen-Muller W and KielbAssa AM. Effect of mucin alone and in combination with various dentifrices on in vitro remineralization. Caries Res ;38:478-83, 2004.
  23. Willershausen B and Schulz-Dobrick B: In vitro study on dental erosion provoked by various beverages using electron probe microanalysis, European Journal of Medical Research; 29:432-438, 2004.
  24. Samuel S and Rubeinstein C: Microhardness of enamel restored with fluoride and non-flouride releasing dental materials. Brazilian Dental Journal ; 12:35-38, 2001.
  25. Amitava M, Elisa B, Silivia M and Lia R: Biomimetics Learning from Nature. In: Dental tissue engineering: a new approach to dental tissue reconstruction, InTech, 2010.
  26. Miranda CB, Pagani C, Benetti AR and Matuda FS: Evaluation of the bleached human enamel by scanning electron microscopy. J ApplSci 13(2)204-11, 2005.
  27. Cakir FY, Oztas SS, Firat E and Gurgan S: Effect of office bleaching systems on chemical compositions of enamel and dentin: an in vitro study. Clinical Dentistry And Research.36(3):35-41, 2012.
  28. Cadenaro M, Navarra CO, Mazzoni A, Nucci C, Matis BA and Di Lenarda R et al. An in vivo study of the effect of a 38 percent hydrogen peroxide in-office whitening agent on enamel. J Am Dent Assoc ; 141: 449-454, 2010.
  29. Pinto C F, Oliveira R, Cavalli V and Giannini M: Peroxide bleaching agent effects on enamel surface microhardness, roughness and morphology. Braz Oral Res 18(4): 306-11, 2004.
  30. Lopes G.C, Bonissoni L., Baratieri L.N, Viera L.C, and Monteiro S.: Effect of bleaching agents on the hardness and morphology of enamel Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry (14): 24-29, 2002.
  31. Alves E.A, Aves F.K, Compos E.D. and Mathias P.: Susceptibility to caries like lesions after dental bleaching with different techniques, quimetessence international; (38): 404-409, 2007.
  32. Sulieman AMM. An overview of tooth-bleaching techniques: chemistry, safety and efficacy. Periodontol 2000;48: 148- 169, 2008.
  33. Awliya YM, Al-Jaralla A and Abdul Qader A: Alteration in enamel morphology after using six bleaching products. A scanning electron microscope study. Saudi dental journal; 18(1), 2006.
  34. Cavalli V, Arrais AG, Gianini M, , and Ambrosano GMB: High-concentrated carbamide peroxide bleaching agents effects on enamel surface. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation; 32:155-159, 2004.
  35. Do Amaral FLB, Sasaki RT, Da Silva TCR, Franca FMG, Florio FM and Basting RT: The effect of home-use and in-office bleaching treatments on calcium and phosphorus concentrations in tooth enamel: an in vivo study. JADA; 143(6):580-586, 2012.
  36. Klarić E, Marcius M, Ristić M, Sever I, Prskalo K and Tarle Z: Surface changes of enamel and dentin after two different bleaching procedures. ActaClin Croat 52(4):420-429, 2013.
  37. Oliveria R, Paesleme AF and Giannini M: Effect of a carbamide bleaching gel containing calcium or fluoride on human enamel surface hardness. Brazilian Dental Journal,2, 2005.
  38. Reynolds EC, Cai F, Shen P andWalker GD: Retention in plaque and remineralization of enamel lesions by various forms of calcium in a mouthrinse or sugar-free chewing gum. Journal of Dental Research 82:206-11, 2003.
  39. De Vasconcelos AA, Cunh AAG and Borges BC: Enamel properties after tooth bleaching with hydrogen/carbamide peroxides in association with a CPP-ACP paste. ActaOdontolScand; 70:337-43, 2012.
  40. Haywood VB: Current status of nigthguard vital bleaching. Compendium of Continuing Education of Dentistry; 28:S10-17; quiz S48, 2000.
  41. Hemagaran G and Neelakantan P: Remineralization of the tooth structure. International Journal of PhamTech Research; 6(2):487-493,2014.

[Rehame M. Ameen, Rania A. Awwad and Ethar S. Mohamed. (2018); A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLEACHING WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE VERSUS CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE ON ENAMEL SURFACE AND THE EFFECT OF AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE APPLICATION FOLLOWING BLEACHING (SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ATTACHED WITH ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYZER STUDY). Int. J. of Adv. Res. 6 (Dec). 422-431] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com

Rania Ahmed Awwad
Lecturer of Oral Biology , School of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/8155      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/8155

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads: 7 | No. of Views: 51