12Nov 2018

ECONOMIC THEORY OF CONFLICT.

  • Department of Democratic Studies NILDS, National Assembly, Abuja.
  • Department of Political Science and Public Administration Babcock University, Ogun State.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo

  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

Conflict is ubiquitous and permanently recurring phenomenon of human. Most of these conflicts are economically induced, and have impeded science, technology and security of nation states. There are different explanations/approaches to understanding conflicts around the world. The reality is that these are explainable using scientific and non-scientific indices. This article x-rays the economic theory of conflict to explain the raison d?etre, triggers, catalysts, precipitators, scopes and enlightenments of why these conflicts occur. To mitigate the effects we recommend economic justice, formation of strong security outfits, mass patriotism education, protection of fundamental human rights and continuous infrastructural development of the societies that are prone to conflicts arising from economic indices.

  1. Abdul, K. I. (2014.) Theories Underpinning Conflict and its Implications for the Socio-Political Development of Ghana: University of Cape Coast.
  2. Achebe, C. (2012). There was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra. London: Penguin Books
  3. Adekanye, J. B. 2007. Linking Conflict Diagnosis, Conflict Prevention, and Conflict Management in Africa: Selected Essays. Lagos: Ababa Press and Ibadan: Centre for Gender, Governance?? and Development (CEGGAD).
  4. Ali, A.G.A. (2009). A Policy Framework for Transiting from Pot-conflict Recovery to Sustainable Development in Sub Saharan Africa. Journal of African economies, 18(1), 12-52
  5. Anifowose, R. (19820. Violence and Politics in Nigeria: The Tiv, Yoruba and Niger Delta Lagos: Sam Iroanusi publications
  6. Anirban, M and Debraj, R. (2014). Implications of an Economic Theory of Conflict: Hindu Muslim Violence in India. Journal of political economy, vol. 122, no.4, pp. 719-765.
  7. Avoseh, M.B.M (2013) Proverbs as Theoretical Frameworks for Lifelong Learning in Indigenous African Education Volume: 63 issue: 3, page(s): 236-250
  8. Best, S. G. (2007). Conflict and Peacebuilding in Plateau State, Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum
  9. Box-Steffensmeter, J.M de Boef, S., & Sweeney, K. (2005). Multi-level stratified frailty models and onset of civil war. A paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest political science Association, Chicago, IL, and 7-10 April.
  10. Charles, A. (2018). Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies for Nigerian Practitioners and Students. Forth coming
  11. Charles, W. and Johan, G. (2007) Handbook of peace and conflicts studies (ed), New York Rouledge.
  12. Chris, C. (1999). The Economic and Political Economy of Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. CDPR Discussion paper 1099.
  13. Collier, P. (2000). The Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and their Implications for Policy. Washington DC: The World Bank
  14. Collier, P. (2003) the market of civil war, foreign policy magazine, may 1st, http://www.foreginpolicy.comacticle/2003/05/01/the market for civil war?page=0,1. sourced 22-043-17.
  15. Collier, P., & Hoefflier, A. (2000). Greed and grievance in Cold War. World Bank
  16. Collier, P., & Hoefflier, A. (2004). Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic papers, 55,563-595.
  17. Collier, P., & Hoefflier, A. (2008). Post- conflict risks. Journal of Peace Research, 45(4), 461-478.
  18. Collier, P., and Anke H. (2002). On the incidence of civil wars in Africa, journal of conflict resolution 46 (1): 13-28, http://jer.sagepub.com/content/461/13.abstract. Sourced 20-05-17.
  19. Collier, P., and Anke H. (2004), Greed and grievance in civil wars, oxford economies paper 56 (4): 563-595, ww.csae.ox.ac.uk/workingpapers/pdfs/2006-10text.pd. Sourced 20-04-17.
  20. Coser, L. A. (1956). The function of social conflcit. New York: The Free Press
  21. Dei, G. J. S. (2004). African indigenous proverbs and the institutional and pedagogic relevance for youth education: Lessons from Kiembu of Kenya and Igbo of Nigeria. Journal of???? Education and Training. Vol. 1, No. 1. 48-66
  22. Dougherty, J. E., Pfaltzgraff, R. L and Robert, L (1981). Contending theories of international Relations: A comprehensive survey. New York: Harper and Row Publishers
  23. Egwu, S. (2004) Beyond revival of old hatreds?. The state and conflict in African, in Best S. G, Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies in West Africa. Ibadan, Nigeria: spectrum books ltd.
  24. Faleti, A.S.? Theories of social conflict,? in Best, G.S. (ed). Introduction to peace and conflict studies in West Africa. Ibadan: spectrum book limited, 2006.
  25. Foreign council relations (2007). The effects of ?youth bulge? on civil conflicts. http://www.cfr.org/blog-post/whats-reading-summer-0
  26. Friedrich, P (2017): the effectiveness of interregional security cooperation: evaluating the joint engagement of the EU and the AU in response to the 2013 crisis in the Central African Republic, European security, DO1:10.1080/09662839.2017.1327849
  27. Graham, K.B and Frances, S (2015). Economic and political causes of conflict: an interview and some policy implication. Crises working paper no. 81.
  28. Hortwtiz, D. L. (1985) Ethnic Groups in conflicts. Berkley: University of California Press
  29. https//www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/19/growing-youth-population-fuel-political-Unrest-Middle-Est-South-America.
  30. Ikelegbe, A (2005), the Economy of conflict in the oil rich Niger Delta, Nordic journal of African Studies, 14(2): 218-234.
  31. Johari, J. C. (2012). Contemporary political theory: New dimensions, basic concepts and major trends. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private
  32. Kalyvas, S.N (2005). Ethnic defection in civil war: prepared for the presentation at the Conference on alien rule and its discontents. University Of Washigton, June 3-4.
  33. Kaufmann, C. (1996). possible and impossible solutions to ethnic conflict. International Security, 20(4), 136-175.
  34. Keih, G. K. and Agbese, P. O. (2008). The State in Africa: Issues and Perspectives. Ibadan: Kraft Books
  35. Macleans, M. (2012). Does Zambia conform to the economic theory of conflict and other theories explaining the causes of civil wars? International Journal Of Management Sciences and Business Research, 2012, vol, 1, no5.
  36. Mansoob, S.M and Muhammed Z. T. (2007), reappraising the greed and grievance explanations of Violent Internal Conflict, Sussex: MICROCON Research Working Paper 2, http://www.un.org/esa/policy/wess/wess2008files/mansoob_postconflict.p sourced 12-06-17.
  37. Marx, K. (1850). The class struggles in France 1848-1850. In selected works. 1, 205-99
  38. Marx, K. (1852). The eighteen Brumaire of Louis Bonaparic. In selected works. 1, 394-487.
  39. Nnoil, O. (2007). Theories and concepts of ethnicity. In conflict resolution, identify crisis and development in Africa, Celestine, Bassey and Oshita, Oshita (eds). Abuja: Malthouse press limited. Obaro, i. (1998).
  40. Nnoli, O. (1980). Ethnic Politics in Nigeria. Enugu: fourth dimension publishers.
  41. Nnoli, O. (2006). National Security in Africa: A Radical New Perspectives. Enugu: PACREP
  42. Nnoli, O. (2008). Ethnic Politics in Nigeria. Enugu: Pan African Centre for Research
  43. Obah-Akpowoghaha, N.G (2013). Theoretical understanding of conflicts of violence in Nigeria: the Niger Delta militant and northern Islamic sect book haram in perspective. Public policy and administration research Vol no10.
  44. Osaghae, E. E. (2012) ?The State, Conflict Prevention, Mediation, Management and Peace Building in Africa? in Obasanjo, O., Mabogunje, A., Okebukola, P. (eds.) Human Security???????? in Africa through Partnerships and Cooperation. Abeokuta: The Centre for Human????????? Security, Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library
  45. Osah, G., Ogundiwin, A. O. and Eti, C. (2017). ?Conflict Entrepreneurs, Informal Economies and Structural Reforms in the Niger Delta?. Journal of International Politics and Development.??????????????? 15 (1), 65-80
  46. Patrick, K (March 19th, 2014). Does a growing youth population fuel political unrest?
  47. Peel, M. (2010). A Swamp full of dollars: Pipelines and paramilitaries at Nigeria?s oil frontiers.??????????????? Ibadan: Book Craft
  48. Reno, W. (1993). Foreign Firms and Financing of Charles Taylor?s NPFL Liberia and Sierra Helsinki: WIDER
  49. Ross, M. (2004). What do we know about Natural Resources and Civil War? Journal of Peace 41 (3) 337-358
  50. Sambians, N. (2001). Do ethnic and non-ethnic civil wars have the same causes? A theoretical and empirical inquiry (part1). World Bank.
  51. Shock, K (1996). A conjectural model of political conflict: the impact of political opportunities on the relationship between economic inequality and violent political conflict. Journal of??????????? conflict resolution, 40:98-131.
  52. Simeon H.O.A (2001). Contending theories on Nigeria?s security Challenge in the Era of Boko Haram insurgency. University of Peace. The Peace and Conflict Review.
  53. Toyo, E. (2011) An Economic Perspective of internal Security in Nigeria?s Northeast Zone in Ate, E. and Akinteriwa, B. A. Cross-border Armed Banditry in the North-east: Issues in? National Security and Nigeria?s Relations with its immediate neigbours
  54. Ukoma, A. N., Egwu, R. O. U. and Ogechukwu. I. E. (2016). African Traditional Religious Philosophy and Life?s Problems (Use of Proverbs, Idioms, Wise Saying and????????? Folklores/myths). World Applied Sciences Journal 34 (3): 323-329, 2016
  55. United States institute of peace (2007). Natural resources, conflict and conflict resolution. Washington DC. Education and training center: Domestic Programs.
  56. Williams, I. (2005). A Philosophical Analysis of conflicts in Africa. In Albert, I. O, Perspectives on Peace and Conflict in Africa: Essays in Honour of General Abdulsalami A. Abubakar.???? Ibadan: Peace and Conflict Studies Programme.

[Alfred Charles and Goodnews Osah. (2018); ECONOMIC THEORY OF CONFLICT. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 6 (Nov). 603-611] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com

Goodnews Osah
Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/8036      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/8036

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads: 692 | No. of Views: 2946