20Jun 2017

EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES SUPPLEMENTATION ON SKIN AND COAT CHARACTERISTICS OF BARKI SHEEP.

  • Wool Production and Technology Dept., Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo

  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

This study was planned to throw some lights on the effects of ZADO and ZAD as biological additives compounds with different doses on skin and coat characteristics of Barki sheep. ZAD and ZADO as biological compounds are biotechnical solutions prepared from natural, multi/mix of the enzymes in addition to the related anaerobic bacteria. One hundred Barki ewes (2-3 years old and averaged 38.89 ? 1.02 kg) were assigned randomly into five equal groups (20 each). The 1stgroup was severed as control group fed on concentrates feed mixture (CFM) without any additives while the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed the same CFM with 6 and 10 g/head/day from ZADO, respectively. The 4th and 5th groups fed CFM with 6 and 10 ml/head/day from ZAD, receptively. All groups were offered bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) straw ad libitum as a sole source of roughage. The study revealed that both ZADO and ZAD treatments had affected significantly the internal diameter, wall thickness and fibre diameter of the primary follicles whereas the external diameter was not affected. Concerning the secondary follicles, there was a significant increase in the external diameter of the treated groups compared to control one. On the other hand, a high significant increase (p <0.01) were observed among the internal diameter and wall thickness in ZADO 6gm and ZAD 10gm. The histochemical study demonstrated that the presence of general carbohydrates in both primary and secondary follicles indicated an increase of follicle activity especially in the ZADO groups with the increased dose (10gm vs. 6mg). In general proteins, the higher values of both primary and secondary follicles were found in control and ZAD 10gm. While, the lowest one was reported for ZAD 6gm. ZADO (10 mg) increased value of staple length, kemp fibre and medullated fibre and decrease fine fibre. While, ZAD (10 mg) produced a moderate value of staple length with increase of fine fibre percentage and decrease medullated fibre and kemp fibre percentage. Treated ZADO (6 mg) had lower Prickle factor (PF), while ZAD (10 mg) had higher one. In general, using ZADO or ZAD as feeding additives for sheep could improve wool follicles activity as well as wool quality and quantity as a final product with suitable characteristics for wool industry.

  1. Abd El-Aziz, F.R. (2007). BiologicalTreatment of Agriculture By- Products and theirEffect on Lambs Performance. M.Sc. Thesis, Agric., Ain-shamsUniv., Egypt, 73p.
  2. Abdou, A.S., Hekal, S.A., Badawy, N.S. and Ramadan, W.A. (2016). Responses of skin and coat fibres in Barki ewes to the nutrition on salt plants and propionibacteria under the arid conditions.Egy. J. Anim. Prod. (2016) 53(3):169-179.
  3. Abdelaziz, N.M.; El-Gabbas, H. M.; Abdelsalam, M.M and Al-Bitar, E.M (2000). The responses of some factors and nutritional stresses on objective and subjective wool traits of some Egyptian breeds of sheep. Proc. 3rd All Africa
  4. Abdel-Salam, M.; Zeitoun,?M.M. and?Abdelsalam, M.M. (2014). Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Insulin and Testosterone and Wool Traits of Growing Lambs. Journal of Biological Sciences Volume 14, Number 4, 292-298
  5. AboBaker, S. (2012). Nutrional studies on goats fed treated straw under North Sinai conditions.Ph. D. Thesis.Cairo University.
  6. Adesogan, A.T. (2005). Improving forage quality and animal performance with fibrolytic enzymes. In: Florida Rum. Nutr.Symp.pp. 91?109.
  7. Almustafa M. Saria (2013). Alleviation of heat stress and improvement of productive performance of sheep under hot climatic conditions.Ph. D. thesis. Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt.
  8. Aziz, A. A. (2009). Effect of Feeding Olive Tree Pruning By-Products in Sinai on Sheep Performance. Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt, 264 p.
  9. Barker, J.R. (1958). Principles of Biological Technique.London, Methuen, New York, John Wiley, Bancroft. J. D.
  10. Beauchemin, K.A., Rode, L.M. (1996). Use of feed enzymes in ruminant nutrition. In: Rode, L.M. (Ed.), Proc. Can. Soc. Anim. Sci. Lethbridge, AB, Canada, pp. 103?130
  11. Chapman, D.M. (1975). Dichromation of bromophenol blue with an improvement in the mercuric bromophenol blue technique for protein. Stain Technology., 50: 25-30. Anim. Agric. and 11th Conf. Egyptian Soc. Animal Proc. Alexandria, Egypt. 6-9 November, 2000:729-736.
  12. Dawson, K.A., Tricarico, J.M. (1999). The use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to enhance microbial activities in the rumen and performance of ruminant animals. In: Proc. 15th Annual Symp. Biotech. Feed Industry, Loughborough, Leics, UK, pp. 303?312.
  13. Groot, G.J.J.B. (1992). The effect of coefficient of variation of fibre diameter in wool tops on yarn and fabric properties. Wool Tech. Sheep Breed., 40(2): 60-64.
  14. Doyle, P. T., Plaisted, T. W. and Love, R. A. (1995). Supplementary feeding pattern and rate of liveweight gain in winter-spring affect wool production of young Merino sheep on south coast of Western Australia. Australian. Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 35(8): 1093-1100. (Nutritional Abst. And Reviews, (1995), 66 (6):2743.
  15. Drury, R.A.B. and Wallington, E.A. (1980). Carleton?s Histological Technique. 5th Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK., 520.
  16. Eun, J.-S., Beauchemin, K.A., Schulze, H. (2007). Use of an in vitro fermentation bioassay to evaluate improvements in degradation of alfalfa hay. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 35, 315?328.
  17. Feng, P., Hunt, C.W., Pritchard, G.T., Julien, W.E. (1996). Effect of enzyme preparations on in situ and in vitro degradation and in vivo digestive characteristics of mature cool-season grass forage in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 1349?1357.
  18. Feng, P., Hunt, C.W., Pritchard, G.T., Julien, W.E. (1996). Effect of enzyme preparations on in situ and in vitro degradation and in vivo digestive characteristics of mature cool-season grass forage in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 1349?1357.
  19. Gado, H.M., Salem, A.Z.M., Robinson, P.H. and Hassan, M. (2009). Influence of of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, extent of ruminal fermentation as well as milk production and composition in dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 154, 36-46.
  20. Gado, H. (1997). Effect of enzymatic treatments for poor quality roughages on fiber digestibility and nitrogen metabolism inBaladi goats.Egyptian J. Nutr.Feeds, 50?56 (special issue).
  21. Gado, H.M., Metwally, H.M., Soliman, H., Basiony, A.Z.L., El Galil, E.R. (2007). Enzymatic treatments of bagasse by different sources of cellulase enzymes. In: The 11th Conf. Animal Nutr., Al-Aqsor-Aswan, Egypt on 2 November, 13?18, vol. 10, p. 607.
  22. Gado, H.M., Salem, A.Z.M. (2008). Influence of exogenous enzymes from anaerobic source on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites in lambs fed of orange pulp silage in total mixed ration. In: 59th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Vilnius, Lithuania, August 24?27, p. 228 (Abstract).
  23. Helal, A. and Fayed, A. M. (2013). Wool characteristics of sheep fed on halophyte plants ensiled by some biological treatments. Proceedings Book of 4th International Scientific Conference on Small Ruminant Development.
  24. Jafari, A., Edriss, M.A., Alikhani, M. and Emtiazi, G. (2005). Effected of treated wheat straw with exogenous fibre degrading enzymes on wool characteristics of ewe lambs. Pakistan J. Nutrition 4(5): 321-326.
  25. Kearl, L. C. (1982). Nutrient requirements of ruminants in developing countries. Int. Feedstuffs Inst., Utah, U S A.
  26. Krueger, N.A., Adesogan, A.T., Staples, C.R., Krueger, W.K., Kim, S.C., Littell, R.C., Sollenberger, L.E. (2008). Effect of method applying fibrolytic enzymes or ammonia to Bermuda grass hay on feed intake, digestion, and growth of beef steers. J. Anim.Sci. 86, 882?889.
  27. Lamb, P.R. (1992). The effect of fibre diameter distribution on yarn properties.Wool Tech. Sheep Breed. 40(2): 65-68.
  28. Mathis, C.P. and Faris, B. (2007). Wool grades. Guide B-409. Cooperative Extension Service, college of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mercico start University [www. Cahe.Mmsu.Edu]
  29. McGregor B.A. (1988). Effects of different nutrional regimes on the productivity of austrliancashmer goats and the partioning of nutrients between cashmer and hair growth. Aust. J. of Exp. agric., 28: 459-467.
  30. Mc-Manus, J.P.A. and Cason, J.E. (1950). Carbohydrate histochemistry studied by acetylation techniques periodic acid method. J. Exp. Med., 91: 651.
  31. Miller, D.R., Elliott, R. and Norton, B.W. (2008). Effects of an exogenous enzyme, Roxazyme ? G2 liquid, on digestion and utilization of barley and sorghum grain-based diet by ewe lambs. Animal feed science and Tech., 140(1), 90-109.
  32. Montegana, W. (1956). The structure and function of the skin.Academic press, New York. 174.
  33. Naylor, G. R. S. (1997). The implicit value of fibre diameter distribution assigned by the airflow technique. Wool Tech. Sheep Breed., 45(4): 221-226.
  34. Naylor, G.R.S., Phillips, D.G. and Veitch. (1995). The relative importance of mean diameter and coefficient of variation of sale lots in determining the potential skin comfort of wool fabrics. Wool Tech. Sheep Breed., 43(1): 69-82.
  35. Naylor, G. R. S. (2000). Adding Value to Top: Measurement of the Diameter Characteristics of Fibre ends as a Tool for Improved Prediction of Fabric Skin Comfort." (CTF01).
  36. Nsereko, V.L., Beauchemin, K.A., Morgavi, D.P., Rode, L.M., Furtado, A.F., McAllister, T.A., Iwaasa, A.D., Yang, W.Z., Wang, Y. (2002). Effect of a fibrolytic enzyme preparation from Trichoderma longibrachiatum on the rumen microbial population of dairy cows. Can. J. Microbiol. 48, 14?20.
  37. Onder, E., Kalaoglu, F., and Ozipek, B. (2003). Influence of Varying Structural Parameters on the Properties of 50/50 Wool/ Polyester Blended Fabrics, Textile Res. J. 73, 854-860.
  38. Parmar, M.L., Sinha, R.D. Parasad, G. and Prasad, J. (1988). Histochemical studies on hair follicles and sebaceous and sweat gland in goat. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58 (7): 789-791.
  39. Phillips, A., Salkoff, L., Kelly, L. (1991). Molecular characterization of a second Drosophila glutamate decarboxylase gene.??Greenspan, Palka, 97.
  40. Raghuvansi, S.K.S., Prasad R., Mishra, A.S. chaturvedi, O.H. Tripathi, M.K. Misra, A.K. Saraswat B.L. and Jakhmola, R.C.. (2007). Effect of inclusion of tree leaves in feed on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in sheep. Biores. Technol., 98:511-517.
  41. Reis, P.J., Tunks, D.A. and Munro, S.G. (1992). Effects of abomasal protein and energy supply on wool growth in Merino sheep. Crop and Pasture Science, 43(6),1353-1356.
  42. Salem, A. Z. M., Hassan, A. A., Kalil, M. S., Yacout, M. H. and Gado, H. (2007). Feed intake, digestibility coefficients, nitrogen utilization and loss of secondary compounds in whole gastrointestinal tract in sheep fed Atriplexhalimusfoliages in presence of ZADO as direct fed micrl. The 12th Seminar of the FAO - CIHEAM Sub-Network on Sheep and Goat Nutritional.: Nutritional and foraging ecology of sheep and goats Thessaloniki, Greece, 2007 (Cited from Kholif, 2008).
  43. SAS, (2004). Statistical Analysis System Institute, SAS User's Guide Statistics, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  44. Scobie, D. R., Bray, A. R. and Merrick, N. C. (1998). Medullation and average fiber diameter vary independently in the wool of Romney sheep. N. Z. J. Agric, Res., 41:101-110.
  45. Sharaf El-din, M.A. and Ghoneim, K.E. (1963). Some non-genetic factors affecting wool characters of Fleisch Merino sheep.2nd Conf. U. A. R. Anim. Prod.
  46. Soliman, M.S. (2006). Utilization of peanut hay in ruminant feeding. Ph.D. Thesis. Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt vivo digestive characteristics of mature cool-season grass forage in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 1349?1357.
  47. Wilson, J. F. (1940). Row wool and its manufacture. J. Text. Inst., 13: 23.
  48. Zen (2012). (Blue edition) Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH. 07740 Jena, Deutschland, BioSciences | Location G?ttingen, P.O.B. 4041, 37030 G?ttingen, Germany.

[Hekal Samia A. (2017); EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES SUPPLEMENTATION ON SKIN AND COAT CHARACTERISTICS OF BARKI SHEEP. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 5 (Jun). 951-962] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com

Samia Abd-Elmeged Hekal

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/4497      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/4497

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads: 17 | No. of Views: 92