15May 2017

COMMON BACTERIA ISOLATESFROM SUDANESE BANKNOTES CIRCULATING BETWEEN HANDLERS IN KHARTOUM STATE, SUDAN.

  • Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo

  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

Background: Banknotes are commonly and routinely circulating among individuals, and bacteria contaminated sudanese banknotes can spread and transmitted directly, through hand-to-hand contact, or indirectly, via food or other inanimate objects. This study was designed to assess the bacerial contamination of Sudanese banknotes and banknotes handlers hygiene in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: Fifty samples of Sudanese banknotes were collected randomly from handlers through (March - April / 2015). These samples were microbiologically tested for quantify and identification of bacteria contaminated of Sudanese banknotes by using biochemical tests and (SPSS)system to analyzed the study questionnaires. Results: The mean of total viable count (CFU/cm2) of bacteria contaminated of banknotes between ( 4.5 ? 8.3 ) x 105 CFU/cm2 , the study showed 12 different types of bacteria identified from Sudanese banknotes with different percentages and From statistically analyzed of 50 questionnaires there were; 76% of handlers had knowledge about contaminated banknotes as being a source of some diseases; 94% educated handlers at different levels; 64% of the handlers washed hands after using a toilet and before dealing with banknotes again. Conclusions: Sudanese banknotes were contaminated with different bacteria. Unhygienically handled between handlers . The contamination rate was higher in lower denominations than in higher ones.

  1. Al-Ghamdi, A. K., Abdelmalek, S.M., Bamaga, M.S., Azhar, E.I., Wakid, M.H., and Al-saied, Z., (2011). Bacterial contamination of Saudi "one" Riyal paper notes. South east Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health: 42(3), 711?716.
  2. Basavarajappa, K.G., SridharRao, P.N., and Suresh K., (2005). Study of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic contamination of currency notes in circulation. Indian Journal of Pathology Microbial: 48, 278?279.
  3. Bhalakia, N., (2005). Isolation and plasmid analysis of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Young Investigators.
  4. Brady, D.H., and Kelly, M.O., (2000). Pathogens Associated with Currencies. Retrospective Study of Private Diagnostic Laboratories, University Press, Australia pp; 74.
  5. Cowen, S. T., (1981). Manual of the identification of Medical bacteria, University press, Cambridge, UK.
  6. (FSA) Food Science Australia, (2000). Money handling in food service operations, Food Safety and Hygiene department.
  7. Gabriel E. M., Coffey A., (2013). Investigation into the prevalence, persistence and antibiotic resistance profiles of staphylococci isolated from euro currency. J ApplMicrobiol. Aug;115(2):565-71
  8. Guerin, P. J., Brasher, C., Baron, E., Mic, D., Grimont, F., Ryan, M., Aavitsland, P. and Legros, D., (2003). Shigelladysenteriaeserotype 1 in West Africa: Intervention Strategy for an Outbreak in Sierra Leone. Lancet; 362, 705-706.
  9. Gwatkin, D.R., and Guillot, M., (2000). The burden of disease among the global poor. Washington, DC., The World Bank.
  10. Igumber, E. O., Bessong, P. O., Obi, C. L., Potgieter, T. C., and Mkasi, T. C., (2007). Microbiological Analysis of Banknotes Circulating in the Venda Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa. South Africa Journal of Science; 103,(9-10).
  11. Louisenthal, (2005). Synthec The banknote paper for extended circulation. Gmund am Tegernsee, Germany, CO; 08/05/D 500 Art.-Nr. 288 7025.
  12. Pittet, D., Allegranzi B., Sax, H., (2006). Evidence-based model for hand transmission during patient care and the role of improved practices. Lancet Infect. Dis; 6(10), 641?652.
  13. Tagoe, D.N., Baidoo, S.E., Dadzie, I., Ahator, D., (2010). A study of bacterial contamination of Ghanaian currency notes in circulation. J. Microbiol.
  14. Uneke, C.J., and Ogbu, O., (2007). Potential for parasite and bacteria transmission by paper currency in Nigeria. J, Environ. Health; 69, 54-60.
  15. Vriesekoop, F., Russell, C., and Alvarez-Mayorga, B., (2010). Dirty money, an investigation into the hygiene status of some of the world's currencies as obtained from food outlets. Foodborne Pathog; 7(12),1497-1502.

[ElrasheedAbdallaAli and Mohanad Hassan Mohamed. (2017); COMMON BACTERIA ISOLATESFROM SUDANESE BANKNOTES CIRCULATING BETWEEN HANDLERS IN KHARTOUM STATE, SUDAN. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 5 (May). 85-93] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com

Mohanad Hassan Mohamed Honua
Mohanad, M.H., Honua

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/4082      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/4082

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads: 35 | No. of Views: 123