Assessment of Core Capacities for the Implementation of International Health Regulations (2005) at selected Points of Entry (POEs). A case for Southern, Western and Lusaka Provinces of Zambia.

Objective: To assess the core capacities for the implementation of the IHR (2005) for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, events and other conditions at the selected Points of Entry. Methods-A cross-sectional descriptive study and qualitative methods were employed at POEs visited. WHO core capacity assessment tools were used for data collection. Respondents were purposely chosen for the study. In depth interviews, focus group discussions in form of meetings and visits to isolation sites and general observations were conducted. A conceptual frame work for thematic areas and observations was followed. Thematic areas(Foster partnership, strengthen the POEs disease prevention and surveillance, strengthen the public health security in travel and transport, sustain rights, obligations and procedures and conducting studies and monitoring of progress including the core capacity measurements of compliance were used to generate study findings. Results-The National Health Policy was found not to adequately cover issues of port health. Many decision makers in both private and government departments have less correct understanding of the IHR (2005). None of the seven (7) visited POEs had an authority document as designated ports. There have been no clear communication channels except at KKIA for reliable risk communication. Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response was not practiced other than Emergency Response activities prominently pronounced by the Zambia Revenue Authority (Ground Crossings) and Air Corporation (Airports). Most staff did not fully understand the IHR (2005) and in all POEs, the staff needs capacity building, official staff accommodation and relevant tools to use. There has been little or no financing at POEs from the monthly grant given to District Medical Offices. There has been unclear reporting structure of line of authority between first aid clinic staff and port health officers at KKIA. Conclusion: Assessment of core capacities measurements of POEs provides a good platform to review gaps in the implementation of the IHR (2005). Linking the core capacity assessment measurements to “Areas of Work of Implementation (2007) determine the National Health Policy position and foster strengthened partnership at Points of Entry. The “Areas of Work for Implementation (2007)” are famous for their achievement of good outcomes for POEs for Zambia.