Devulging the treasure of hydroxamate siderophore on keratinocyte migration; its implication for wound healing

Fungi, fantastic organisms that feed us, heal us, divulge secrets of the universe, and could help save the human life today. An enormous of fungi are being to produce and excrete desferi-siderophore complexes under the iron-limiting conditions. It is considered to be a potentially powerful method for a rational design of the therapeutic agents against the drug resistant micro-organisms and such active compounds to promote the angiogenic activity of cells. A ferrated siderophore production from a culture of Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from soil was screened through chrome azurol sulphonate (CAS) assay. It was isolated, purified and characterized. The chemical characterization revealed that it was hydroxamate type and it was confirmed through UV spectrophotometer, FTIR and ESI-MS. The influence of growth medium, incubation time and temperature for growth of the P.chrysogenum with considerable siderophore producing potential was investigated. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was obtained at 25 °C and modified Grimm Allen iron fortified medium exhibited more siderophore production. We further investigated the molecular characterization of siderophore coding gene L-ornithine encoded by sid 1 gene expression with iron limited and iron supplemented grown cultures. This Penicillial trihydroxamate highly expressed in human keratinocyte cell line (HaCat) is known for its striking ability to promote cell adhesion and cell proliferation even under glucotoxic (30 mM) condition. It also increases the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which stimulates the activity of growth hormones which in turn play a major role in the process of wound healing. This study was designed to anticipate the role of trihydroxamate in keratinocyte migration and proliferation along with its mRNA expression. The results divulged that trihydroxamate promotes keratinocyte migration and to induce proliferation. The mRNA expression study revealed that the trihydroxamate enhance the growth hormones expression in cells. This trihydroxamate siderophore has a significant role in wound healing specifically during impaired angiogenic condition by promoting keratinocyte migration and to induce growth factors activity.